Muhammad Waheed Mushtaq1,2 
,
Farah Kanwal2,
Atif Islam3,
Khalil Ahmed2,
Zia-ul-Haq 2,
Tahir Jamil3,
Muhammad Imran2,
Syed Mustansar Abbas4,
Qingrong Huang1
For correspondence:- Muhammad Mushtaq Email: waheedjaami@gmail.com Tel:+923045578484
Received: 22 November 2016 Accepted: 5 June 2017 Published: 31 July 2017
Citation: Mushtaq MW, Kanwal F, Islam A, Ahmed K, Z, Jamil T, et al. Synthesis and characterisation of doxorubicin-loaded functionalised cobalt ferrite nanoparticles and their in vitro anti-tumour activity under an AC-magnetic field. Trop J Pharm Res 2017; 16(7):1663-1674 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v16i7.27
© 2017 The authors.
This is an Open Access article that uses a funding model which does not charge readers or their institutions for access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) and the Budapest Open Access Initiative (http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read), which permit unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited..
Purpose: To synthesise and evaluate the anti-tumour properties of doxorubicin-loaded xanthan gum-functionalised cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4.NPs@XG-Doxo) under an AC-magnetic field.
Methods: Multidimensional magnetic cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesised by a co-precipitation method. The synthesised cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CFNPs) were functionalised with xanthine gum (XG) and subsequently characterised by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and contact angle studies. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) was used for magnetic measurements of the native and XG-coated CFNPs. The microstructural morphology of the uncoated and XG-coated CFNPs was established using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies. Finally, the doxorubicin release profile of the drug-loaded functionalised CFNPs was evaluated using an oscillating magnetic field (OMF) apparatus in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field.
Results: XG coating decreased the contact angle of the native CFNPs from 92° to 40°, which indicates that it modified the CFNP surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. VSM analysis demonstrated that CoFe2O4.NPs@XG also retained the magnetic characteristics of the bare cobalt ferrite nanocrystals, endorsing its application as a promising magnetic nanovector (MNV). The synthesised CoFe2O4.NPs@XG-Doxo exhibited significantly higher controlled discharge of doxorubicin at acidic pH (5.0) than at neutral pH (7.4). In vitro analysis revealed the remarkable lower systematic toxicity of XG-coated CoFe2O4.NPs compared with uncoated CFNPs against Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and Huh7 cell lines.
Conclusion: These results indicate that XG-coated CFNPs are a biocompatible MNV for doxorubicin.
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